There are several extraction methods used to create cannabis concentrates, each with its own unique process and resulting product. Here are some of the most common extraction methods:
Solvent-Based Extraction:
- Butane Hash Oil (BHO): BHO involves using butane as a solvent to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from cannabis plant material. The resulting concentrate can have various consistencies, such as shatter, wax, or budder.
- Propane Hash Oil (PHO): Similar to BHO, PHO uses propane as the solvent, resulting in a concentrate with different characteristics and flavor profiles.
- CO2 Extraction: This method uses pressurized carbon dioxide to extract cannabinoids and terpenes. It is considered a cleaner and safer extraction process, often resulting in high-quality concentrates.
Solventless Extraction:
- Rosin: Rosin is made by applying heat and pressure to cannabis flowers or hash to release the resinous oils without the use of solvents.
- Dry Sift/Kief: Kief is collected by sifting cannabis flowers through screens, separating the trichomes from the plant material.
Hydrocarbon Extraction:
Hydrocarbon extraction uses hydrocarbons like propane and butane to separate cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant. It is similar to BHO and PHO but includes other hydrocarbons as well.
Alcohol Extraction:
This method involves using alcohol (usually ethanol) to dissolve cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant material. The alcohol is then evaporated, leaving behind a concentrated extract.
Live Resin Extraction:
Live resin involves using freshly harvested, flash-frozen cannabis plants to create a concentrate that preserves the plant’s natural terpene profile.
Distillation:
Distillation involves purifying a cannabis oil to isolate specific cannabinoids, resulting in a highly potent and refined concentrate.
Full Spectrum Extract (FSE):
FSE retains a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds, offering a more holistic experience.
Each extraction method yields different types of cannabis concentrates with varying potencies, flavors, and consistencies. The choice of extraction method can significantly impact the final product, catering to the diverse preferences of cannabis consumers.